SIBO Studies: 2024

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• Overview
• Causes/Risk Factors
• Pathophysiology

• Associated Conditions
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SIBO Overview

• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth  PMID: 31536241
• Critical appraisal of the SIBO hypothesis and breath testing: A clinical practice update endorsed by the European society of neurogastroenterology and motility (ESNM) and the American neurogastroenterology and motility society (ANMS)  PMID: 38798120
• [SIBO, from myth to reality]  PMID: 39237384
• [Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) - Therapy, nutrition, microbiome]  PMID: 39208859

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SIBO Causes/Risk Factors

Diseases

• Liquid Thyroxine Improves Outcomes in Hypothyroid Patients with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Irritable Bowel Syndrome  PMID: 38490469  PMID: 38490469
• EFFECTS OF GUT MICROBIOME MODULATION WITH RIFAXAMINE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH.A STUDY FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PAKISTAN  Mo1358
• CHANGES IN ANTI-VINCULIN ANTIBODIES OVER TIME CORRELATE WITH SYMPTOM IMPROVEMENT IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYDROME (IBS)  Tu1650
• Small Bowel Diverticulosis in an Elderly Patient Presenting With Obstruction and Intestinal Dysmotility: A Case Report  PMID: 39539876

Drugs/medication 

• A multi-national survey to identify clinicians' perspectives concerning Proton Pump inhibitors in patients with systemic sclerosis  PMID: 38430623
• A Study on the Glucose Breath Test Positivity Rate and Occurrence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth-Related Symptoms Caused by Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Versus Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB) in Elderly Patients: SIBO Between PPI and P-CAB  PMID: 39502577
  Summary: “Long-term use of gastric acid suppressants resulted in positive GBT [SIBO] in approximately 30% of patients, and the risk was particularly high in elderly patients. The occurrence of SIBO-related symptoms was significant in long-term use of PPIs and in patients with positive GBT.”

Surgery

• Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study PMID: 38418752
• Prospective Monitoring of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth After Gastric Bypass: Clinical, Biological, and Gas Chromatographic Aspects  PMID: 38300481
• Blind Loop Syndrome  PMID: 36508549
• Modified Rosi-Cahill technique after left extended colectomy for splenic flexure advanced tumors  PMID: 39031212
• Use of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  PMID: 39607556

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SIBO Pathophysiology

• Small intestinal microbiota: from taxonomic composition to metabolism  PMID: 38503579
• Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth is associated with increased Campylobacter and epithelial injury in duodenal biopsies of Bangladeshi children.    PMID: 38536881
• Fecal Coprococcus, hidden behind abdominal symptoms in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth  PMID: 38796441
• Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth (IMO) Is Associated with Delayed Small Bowel and Colonic Transit Time (TT) on the Wireless Motility Capsule (WMC)  PMID: 39068378
• Identification of SIBO Subtypes along with Nutritional Status and Diet as Key Elements of SIBO Therapy  PMID: 39000446
• Symptom Profile of Patients With Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis  PMID: 39147218
  Summary: Review of 19 studies analyzing symptoms present in those with IMO (Methane-SIBO)
  • flatulence (56%)​
  • nausea (30%)
  • abdominal pain (65%)
  • diarrhea (33%)
  • constipation (51%)
  • bloating (78%)
• LACTASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITHOUT CONSTIPATION AND SIBO: EFFECT OF RIFAXIMIN  Tu1659
  Summary: “There is a low lactase activity…in patients…with SIBO." Rifaximin [x 2 weeks] improved symptoms, increased lactase activity, and decreased lactose maldigestion, even if it didn’t eradicate SIBO.
• LOW SERUM B12 LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POSITIVE LACTULOSE BREATH TEST RESULTS IN THE EVALUATION FOR SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH Mo1348 
• SEVERITY OF SELF-REPORTED GI SYMPTOMS CORRELATES WITH SIBO IN THE DUODENUM WHEN COMPARED TO DEEP JEJUNAL ASPIRATES  Mo1357
• MULTIPLE METHANE PRODUCERS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE BY SHOTGUN SEQUENCING CORRELATE WITH METHANE LEVELS ON BREATH TESTING  Su1895
  Summary: “There is a low lactase activity…in patients…with SIBO." Rifaximin [x 2 weeks] improved symptoms, increased lactase activity, and decreased lactose maldigestion, even if it didn’t eradicate SIBO.
• ​HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCERS IN THE DUODENUM BY SHOTGUN SEQUENCING CORRELATE WITH HYDROGEN SULFIDE LEVELS ON BREATH TESTING [oral presentation]  705
  Summary: Shotgun sequencing examined the small intestine microbiome in 109 patients. This is the first study to show hydrogen sulfide levels on breath test are associated with hydrogen sulfide producing bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Introduces new term “Intestinal Sulfide Overproduction (ISO)”. Specifies which microbes are overgrown in each subtype of SIBO/IMO/ISO.
• ​SHOTGUN SEQUENCING OF DUODENAL ASPIRATES BEGINS TO DEFINE THE SMALL INTESTINAL FUNGOME AND THE INTERPLAY WITH THE BACTERIOME Su1892
• GAVAGE WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21, E.COLI K12, OR KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE (KNOWN BACTERIA IN IBS/SIBO) INDUCES DRAMATIC MICROBE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE SMALL BOWEL TRANSCRIPTOME OF RATS LINKED, IN PART, TO H2S PRODUCTION  Tu1679
• CHANGES IN ANTI-VINCULIN ANTIBODIES OVER TIME CORRELATE WITH SYMPTOM IMPROVEMENT IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYDROME (IBS)  Tu1650
• Cytolethal distending toxin B inoculation leads to distinct gut microtypes and IBS-D-like microRNA-mediated gene expression changes in a rodent model  PMID: 38108386

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SIBO Associated Conditions

Multiple

• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Twelve Groups of Related Diseases-Current State of Knowledge  PMID: 38790992

Alzheimer

• Association between small intestine bacterial overgrowth and psychiatric disorders  PMID: 39497810
  Summary: “These findings highlight the importance of tryptophan metabolism in the gut-brain axis and suggest that addressing SIBO and its impact on tryptophan metabolism could be a potential therapeutic avenue for managing and understanding these complex disorders [Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder].​"

Autism

• Association between small intestine bacterial overgrowth and psychiatric disorders  PMID: 39497810

Brain Fog

• Brain Fog in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, Gastroparesis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome  PMID: 39495803

​Celiac

• SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH AND RIFAXIMIN RESPONSE IN NON-RESPONSIVE CELIAC DISEASE.  Su1329

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Children (Pediatric)

• Factors associated with D-lactic acidosis in pediatric intestinal failure: A case-control study  PMID: 38374557
• Assessment of Biochemical, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Children with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Cross-Sectional Study  PMID: 39125359
• Pediatric Chronic Intestinal Failure: Something Moving?  PMID: 39275281

Cystic Fibrosis

• The gastrointestinal microbiome, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, and microbiome modulators in cystic fibrosis  PMID: 39105345

Dental/Oral Health

• Oral Health and "Modern" Digestive Diseases: Pathophysiologic and Etiologic Factors  PMID: 39200318

Depression

• Association between small intestine bacterial overgrowth and psychiatric disorders  PMID: 39497810
  Summary: “These findings highlight the importance of tryptophan metabolism in the gut-brain axis and suggest that addressing SIBO and its impact on tryptophan metabolism could be a potential therapeutic avenue for managing and understanding these complex disorders [Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder]."

Diabetes​

• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in diabetic gastroenteropathy  PMID: 38651669
• EFFECTS OF GUT MICROBIOME MODULATION WITH RIFAXAMINE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH.A STUDY FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PAKISTAN Mo1358

Diverticulosis

• Small Bowel Diverticulosis in an Elderly Patient Presenting With Obstruction and Intestinal Dysmotility: A Case Report  PMID: 39539876​

Drugs

• A Study on the Glucose Breath Test Positivity Rate and Occurrence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth-Related Symptoms Caused by Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Versus Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB) in Elderly Patients: SIBO Between PPI and P-CAB  PMID: 39502577
  Summary: “Long-term use of gastric acid suppressants resulted in positive GBT [SIBO] in approximately 30% of patients, and the risk was particularly high in elderly patients. The occurrence of SIBO-related symptoms was significant in long-term use of PPIs and in patients with positive GBT.”

Fibromyalgia

• EFFECT OF MICROBIOTA MODULATION WITH RIFAXIMIN IN THE SEVERITY OF FIBROMYALGIA SYMPTOMS, IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT IBS. AN EXPLORATORY BEFORE AND AFTER STUDY  Tu1657

Gastric Bypass

• Prospective Monitoring of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth After Gastric Bypass: Clinical, Biological, and Gas Chromatographic Aspects  PMID: 38300481
• Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study  PMID: 38418752
• Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study  PMID: 38418752
• Use of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  PMID: 39607556

​GERD

• The Lactulose Breath Test Can Predict Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Measuring Bacterial Overgrowth in the Small Intestine  PMID: 38896424
• Impacts of intestinal fermentation on gastroesophageal reflux disease: can the tail wag the dog?  PMID: 39573864

Halitosis NEW

• Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study  PMID: 39496205
  Summary: “Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation [Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule for two months] can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.”

H. pylori

• Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson's Disease: etiology, pathogenesis and levodopa bioavailability  PMID: 38166953
• Influence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Eradication on Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Abdominal Symptoms  PMID: 38363519

Hypothyroid

• Liquid Thyroxine Improves Outcomes in Hypothyroid Patients with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Irritable Bowel Syndrome  PMID: 38490469

IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

• The Association of Extra-oral Halitosis With Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Inflammatory Bowel Disease  PMID: 38696141
• Anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin antibodies to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome in inflammatory bowel disease patients   PMID: 39627697

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

• The IBS and SIBO dilemma: Here we go again  PMID: 39218737
• Differences in clinical manifestations and the fecal microbiome between irritable bowel syndrome and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth  PMID: 39043536

Intestinal Failure (pediatric)

• Factors associated with D-lactic acidosis in pediatric intestinal failure: A case-control study  PMID: 38374557
• SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH IN INTESTINAL FAILURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS  Mo1182
• Are enteral devices risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infections in children with intestinal failure?  PMID: 39742591

Lactose Malabsorption

• Rifaximin-Alpha Increases Lactase Activity in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Without Constipation and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth  PMID: 39641896

Liver Disease

• Efficacy and Safety of a Probiotic Containing Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Decompensated Cirrhosis: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study  PMID: 38337613
• Dysbiosis and nutrition in steatotic liver disease: addressing the unrecognized small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) challenge  PMID: 38499938
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in obese patients with biopsy-confirmed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study  PMID: 38854668
• Impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth on systemic inflammation, circulatory and renal function, and liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites  PMID: 38779647
• MASLD can cause halitosis by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth  PMID: 38764349
• SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH EXACERBATES HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS  Su1899
• SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES  Mo1187
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease PMID: 39742106
  Summary: “this meta-analyses provides strong evidence that SIBO may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD [Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease].”

Parkinson’s

• Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson's Disease: etiology, pathogenesis and levodopa bioavailability  PMID: 38166953
• A review of the gastrointestinal, olfactory, and skin abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease  PMID: 38195133
• Consensus practice recommendations for management of gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson disease  PMID: 38729797
• The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson Disease: Interactions with Drugs and Potential for Therapeutic Applications  PMID: 38570412
• RIFAXIMIN MODULATES SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE WITH CONCOMITANT SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH  Su1915
• Association between small intestine bacterial overgrowth and psychiatric disorders  PMID: 39497810
  Summary: “These findings highlight the importance of tryptophan metabolism in the gut-brain axis and suggest that addressing SIBO and its impact on tryptophan metabolism could be a potential therapeutic avenue for managing and understanding these complex disorders [Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder]."
• Gut-Brain Axis a Key Player to Control Gut Dysbiosis in Neurological Diseases  PMID: 37851313

Pathophysiology​

• IGA DEFICIENCY IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH  ​​Mo1354
• LACTASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITHOUT CONSTIPATION AND SIBO: EFFECT OF RIFAXIMIN  Tu1659
  Summary: “There is a low lactase activity…in patients…with SIBO." Rifaximin [x 2 weeks] improved symptoms, increased lactase activity, and decreased lactose maldigestion, even if it didn’t eradicate SIBO.

​​Rosacea

• Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Subjects With Rosacea  PMID: 39583431

Systemic Sclerosis

• [Severe small bowel involvement and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic basis, including parenteral nutrition]  PMID: 38388303
• Diffuse Gastrointestinal Motor Compromise in Patients with Scleroderma: Utility of Minimally Invasive Techniques  PMID: 37982941
• A multi-national survey to identify clinicians' perspectives concerning Proton Pump inhibitors in patients with systemic sclerosis  PMID: 38430623

Thyroid

• Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of different doses of LT4 in pregnant women with high-normal TSH levels and TPOAb positivity in the first half of pregnancy  PMID: 38600581

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SIBO Testing

• Gastric, small bowel and colonic motility and breath-testing  /doi.10.1016/j.mpmed.2024.01.004
• Critical appraisal of the SIBO hypothesis and breath testing: A clinical practice update endorsed by the European society of neurogastroenterology and motility (ESNM) and the American neurogastroenterology and motility society (ANMS)  PMID: 38798120
• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), a clinically overdiagnosed entity?  PMID: 38719183
• Glucose breath test for the detection of small intestine bacterial overgrowth: Impact of diet prior to the test  PMID: 38606691
• Capsules for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders- A Game Changer  PMID: 38630422
• Detection capacity of small intestine bacterial or methanogen overgrowth by lactose and fructose breath testing in the adult population  PMID: 39252801
• Validation of a Hand-Held Point-of-Care Device to Measure Breath Hydrogen and Its Utility in Detecting Response to Antibiotic Treatment  PMID: 39127844
  Summary: This study compared FoodMarble AIRE® to existing mail-in kits in patients suspected to have SIBO.
  • Results: “Substantial agreement was demonstrated between AIRE and the mail-in kits for the performance of lactulose hydrogen breath tests.”
• ​Evaluation of a Novel Smart Capsule Bacterial Detection System Device for Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth  PMID: 39587802
  Summary: “These results demonstrate the potential utility of SCBDS [smart capsule bacterial detection system] device to aid SIBO diagnosis as a simple and non-invasive tool that merits further clinical validation.”
• The prevalence of small intestine bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome is much higher with lactulose than glucose breath test: Results of a retrospective monocentric study  PMID: 39426620​

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Methane

• The Lactulose Breath Test Can Predict Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Measuring Bacterial Overgrowth in the Small Intestine  PMID: 38896424

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SIBO Treatment 

• Common questions and rationale answers about the intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO)  PMID: 38852778
• The importance of food quality, gut motility, and microbiome in SIBO development and treatment  PMID: 38657418​

Antibiotics

• Antibiotics for Dyspepsia: Hp, SIBO, IMO, or Something Else?  PMID: 38363520
• Symptomatic Response to Antibiotics in Patients With Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis  PMID: 38173154
• Amoxicillin Clavulanate  PMID: 30844191
  • Summary: “the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treating SIBO approximates 50%.”
• Rifaximin and alternative agents in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review  PMID: 39041415
• Low dose rifaximin combined with N-acetylcysteine is superior to rifaximin alone in a rat model of IBS-D: a randomized trial  PMID: 39103611
  • Summary: (rat study) “poor solubility [of Rifaximin] may limit its efficacy against microbes in the mucus layer, e.g. Escherichia coli. Here we evaluate adding the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to improve rifaximin efficacy.  …combining rifaximin with NAC had significant synergistic effects in reducing E. coli levels.”
    Dr. Pimentel and I discuss the “special formulation” of NAC that he used in a recent interview. Watch it Here (NAC discussion is at 1:21 hours, study results at 20:34 min). I also discuss it with Dr. Rezaie (Dr. Pimentel's teamate) Watch it Here (NAC discussion is at 1 hour)

Antibiotics

• Rifaximin-Alpha Increases Lactase Activity in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Without Constipation and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth  PMID: 39641896
• Rifaximin  PMID: 30000968
• Rifaximin prophylaxis causes resistance to the last-resort antibiotic daptomycin  PMID: 39443798
• A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of a Short Course of Rifaximin 2200 mg/day on Abdominal Symptoms and its Effects on Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate to Severe Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome PMID: 39476291
  • Summary: This study used a higher dose of Rifaximin, 2200mg x 10 days vs the standard SIBO dose of 1650 mg/d x 14 days, for IBS-diarrrhea (SIBO was not tested), which resulted in significant improvement in symptoms, no serious adverse effects, and 94.9% adherence rate.

Herbal Antibiotics

• Do Herbal Supplements and Probiotics Complement Antibiotics and Diet in the Management of SIBO? A Randomized Clinical Trial  PMID: 38613116
• BERBERINE IS NOT INFERIOR TO RIFAXIMIN IN TREATMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE BRIEF-SIBO RCT STUDY  Mo1922

Diet

• Food Intolerances, Food Allergies and IBS: Lights and Shadows  PMID: 38257158
• The Role of Diet in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review  PMID: 38496157
• [Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) - Therapy, nutrition, microbiome]  PMID: 39208859

Elemental Diet

• Elemental Diet as a Therapeutic Modality: A Comprehensive Review  PMID: 39001958
• COMPLIANCE, SAFETY, AND EFFECT OF EXCLUSIVE PALATABLE ELEMENTAL DIET IN MICROBIAL OVERGROWTH: A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL  Mo1359
  • Summary: This is the 2nd main study published on Elemental Diet for SIBO (the first is Pimentel’s 2006 study and there is also a single case study on my Homemade Elemental Diet). It includes data on Methane SIBO/IMO eradication. 100% of 30 subjects completed the 2-week course (mBiota). Normalization rates were: 58% Methane SIBO/IMO; 100% Hydrogen SIBO; 75% Methane + Hydrogen​

Enzymes

• SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF MICROBIAL INULINASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN HEALTHY ADULTS: A PHASE 1, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL  Su1935

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)

• The impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth on the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with chronic constipation  PMID: 39194187

Probiotics

• Do Herbal Supplements and Probiotics Complement Antibiotics and Diet in the Management of SIBO? A Randomized Clinical Trial  PMID: 38613116
• Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study  PMID: 38418752
• Probiotics and Prebiotics in Subclinical Hypothyroidism of Pregnancy with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth  PMID: 37032411
• Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study  PMID: 39496205
  Summary: “Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation [Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule for two months] can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.”
• Use of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  PMID: 39607556 

Prokinetics

• Efficacy and Safety of a Probiotic Containing Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Decompensated Cirrhosis: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study  PMID: 38337613
• Clinical outcomes before and after prucalopride treatment: an observational study in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation in the USA  PMID: 38357940
• Safety and Effectiveness of Prucalopride in Children with Functional Constipation with and without Upper Symptoms  PMID: 38175354
• Effect of Iberogast (STW5) on tolerance to colonic gas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo control clinical trial  PMID: 38361151
• 5-HT4 receptor agonists treatment reduces tau pathology and behavioral deficit in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy  PMID: 38638303
• Association between a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist and incidence of major depressive disorder: emulated target trial  PMID: 39109752
  Summary: “Treatment with prucalopride was associated with significantly lower incidence of depression … Significantly lower risks of all mood disorders and psychosis were also observed. … These findings support preclinical data and suggest a role for 5-HT4R agonists [prucalopride] as novel agents in the prevention of major depression.”
• Gastroparesis treatment options metoclopramide and prucalopride: analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database  PMID: 38995209
  Summary: “Analysis of 865 reports [of adverse events] on prucalopride revealed
  • dystonia (n=22, 2.5%)”
  • abdominal pain (n = 100, 11.6%)
  • diarrhea (n = 116, 13.4%)
  • headache (n = 120, 13.9%)
• Prokinetic effect of erythromycin in the management of gastroparesis in critically ill patients-our experience and literature review  PMID: 39314225
• MODULATION OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE SIGNALING IN MOUSE INTESTINAL ORGANOIDS BY STW 5-II: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR THE MANGAEMNT OF DISORDERS OF GUT-BRAIN INTERACTIONS  EP1074
• STW 5-II BENEFICIALLY MODULATES HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME IN VITRO [IBEROGAST 6-HERB]  EP1323

Rifaximin

• Drugs of the future for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: an overview of current investigational drugs  PMID: 38366822
• Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial  PMID: 38576371

Trimebutine Maleate

• Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial  PMID: 38576371  

Diet: FODMAP Diet

• The Role of the FODMAP Diet in IBS  PMID: 38337655
• Alterations in gut microbiota caused by major depressive disorder or a low FODMAP diet and where they overlap  PMID: 38260072
• Can we predict who will respond to a low-FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome?  PMID: 38238032
• Nutrition and Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction  PMID: 38202005
• Effect of fibre fortification of low FODMAP pasta  PMID: 38225882
• Efficacy and Findings of a Blinded Randomized Reintroduction Phase for the Low FODMAP Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome  PMID: 38401741
• Fructan Concentrations in Cooked Cereal Grains as a Nutritional Consideration for Low-FODMAP Diet  PMID: 38257195
• Quality characteristics of cereal-based foods enriched with different degree of polymerization inulin: A review  PMID: 38431396
• Diet low in fodmaps: fundamentals, evidence and controversies  PMID: 38493009
• Exploration of differential responses to FODMAPs and gluten in people with irritable bowel syndrome- a double-blind randomized cross-over challenge study  PMID: 38347192
• Fructose malabsorption and fructan malabsorption are associated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome  PMID: 38654193
• Effect of the Low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Diet on Control of Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Quality of Life Among a Sample of Egyptian Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.  PMID: 38910620
• The low-FODMAP diet PMID: 38906802
• Changes in Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in IBS Patients and Effects of Different Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  PMID: 38892659  
• Is the Mediterranean Low Fodmap Diet Effective in Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Gut Microbiota? An Innovative Research Protocol.  PMID: 38892525
• A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols improves abdominal and overall symptoms in persons with all subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome.  PMID: 38887150  
• Unveiling the dynamics of gut microbial interactions: a review of dietary impact and precision nutrition in gastrointestinal health.  PMID: 38873568 
• [Gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome following a low FODMAP diet].  PMID: 38809220
• Causative Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Strategies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.  PMID: 38779277
• Evolution, adaptation, and new applications of the FODMAP diet.  PMID: 38770353
• The efficacy and real-world effectiveness of a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.  PMID: 38754307  
• Global research trend and hotspot in the low FODMAP diet: a bibliometric analysis.  PMID: 38741213
• Is a Simplified, Less Restrictive Low FODMAP Diet Possible? Results from a Double-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.  PMID: 38729393
• All FODMAPs Aren't Created Equal: Results of a Randomized Reintroduction Trial in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.  PMID: 38729390
• A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Microbiome-Based Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Personalized Diet vs Low-Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols Diet: A Novel Approach for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.  PMID: 38717025
• Effects of a low FODMAP diet on the symptom management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic umbrella review with the meta-analysis of clinical trials.  PMID: 38711328
• Nutritional safety and status following a 12-week strict low FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.  PMID: 38689453
• Coffee, Alcohol, and Artificial Sweeteners Have Temporal Associations with Gastrointestinal Symptoms.  PMID: 38662159
• Production, modification and degradation of fructans and fructooligosacharides by enzymes originated from plants.  PMID: 38649077
• Managing irritable bowel syndrome: balancing diet and pharmacotherapy.  PMID: 38643783
• A low FODMAP diet plus traditional dietary advice versus a low-carbohydrate diet versus pharmacological treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (CARIBS): a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.  PMID: 38643782
• Efficacy of a Low-FODMAP Diet for Coeliac Patients with Persistent IBS-like Symptoms despite a Gluten-Free Diet: A Systematic Review.  PMID: 38613127
• Low-FODMAP diet on postprandial distress syndrome type of functional dyspepsia with mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome patient: A case report  PMID: 39280305
• A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet Has Similar Efficiency as Low FODMAP in IBS-A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study  PMID: 39275354
• Relationship between Markers of Gut Barrier Function and Erythrocyte Membrane PUFAs in Diarrhea-Predominant IBS Patients Undergoing a Low-FODMAP Diet  PMID: 39203842
• Microbiome-driven IBS metabotypes influence response to the low FODMAP diet: insights from the faecal volatome  PMID: 39173527
• Patients' experiences of dietary changes during a structured dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome  PMID: 39138906
• Nutritional Interventions in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials  PMID: 39110917
• DOMINO trial post hoc analysis: evaluation of the diet effects on symptoms in IBS subtypes  PMID: 39086991
• Predictors of response to a dietary intervention in patients with irritable bowel syndrome  PMID: 39029788
• Sourdough Bread Quality: Facts and Factors  PMID: 38998638
• Predicting Response to Low Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides, and Polyols Diet in Patients With Abdominal Bloating Using Hydrogen Methane Breath Test: Is a Spot Sample Enough?  PMID: 38972871
• DIETARY INTAKE DIFFERS FROM SELF-REPORTED FOOD AVOIDANCE AND INTOLERANCES IN PEOPLE WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME Su1934
• EFFECTS OF FRUCTANS ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND SYMPTOMS IN DIARRHEA-PREDOMINANT IBS PATIENTS ON A LOW FODMAP DIET - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Tu1647
• MACRONUTRIENT AND FODMAP INTAKE IN RELATION TO SYMPTOM SEVERITY IN IBS PATIENTS FOLLOWING THE LOW FODMAP DIET  Tu1654
• FODMAP Diet in Celiac Disease and Gluten-Related Disorders.  PMID: 39683583
• Low FODMAP diets-Boon or bane for individuals with GI disorders.  PMID: 39529351
• Gut-Brain Axis and Psychopathology: Exploring the Impact of Diet with a Focus on the Low-FODMAP Approach.  PMID: 39458509
• Use of Carbohydrate (CHO), Gluten-Free, and FODMAP-Free Diets to Prevent Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review.  PMID: 39599638
• Adapted Low-FODMAP Diet in IBS Patients with and without Fibromyalgia: Long-Term Adherence and Outcomes.  PMID: 39408383
• Efficacy and Safety of a Low-FODMAP Diet in Combination with a Gluten-Free Diet for Adult Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  PMID: 39407084
• ​A service evaluation of FODMAP restriction, FODMAP reintroduction and long-term follow-up in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome.  PMID: 39498596
• Dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome: considerations, challenges, and solutions.  PMID: 39521003
• ​Practices and Barriers in Implementing the Low FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Malaysian Dietitians: A Qualitative Study.  PMID: 39519430 
• Comparison of 4-week versus 8-week dietitian-led FODMAP diet group education sessions in tertiary care clinical practice for irritable bowel syndrome: A service evaluation.  PMID: 39380330
• ​Gluten-Free Diet for Fashion or Necessity? Review with New Speculations on Irritable Bowel Syndrome-like Disorders.  PMID: 39683629
• Impact of HADS Anxiety and Depression Scores on the Efficacy of Dietary Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.  PMID: 39392338

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Related

• Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: Clinical guidelines of the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility.  PMID: 35695704 
• Smoking has disruptive effects on the small bowel luminal microbiome.  PMID: 35422064 
• Small Is Big: Why the Analysis of the Fecal Microbiome Provides Little Important Information on IBS Severity.  PMID: 35635626 
• Gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of COVID-19: Disorders of gut-brain interaction are an outcome.  PMID: 35383423  
• NON-MUCIN BINDING PHAGES HAVE AN ADVANTAGE OVER MUCIN BINDING PHAGES IN KILLING OF BACTERIA IN HIGH MUCIN CONCENTRATION: Sa1660  
• MODULATION OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE SIGNALING IN MOUSE INTESTINAL ORGANOIDS BY STW 5-II: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR THE MANGAEMNT OF DISORDERS OF GUT-BRAIN INTERACTIONS: EP1074
• PATIENTS WITH IBS HAVE A LOWER PREVALENCE OF COLORECTAL POLYPS AND CANCER DURING COLONOSCOPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: Sa1102
• COMMON VARIANTS IN CARBOHYDRATES DIGESTIVE ENZYME GENES ASSOCIATE WITH THE RISK OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: EP1243
• ASSESSMENT OF STOOL IMAGES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VIA A SMARTPHONE APPLICATION IS MORE ACCURATE THAN PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES: 276
• EFFECT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF A COMBINATION OF TRIMEBUTINE + SIMETHICONE + α-GALACTOSIDASE OVER GAS PRODUCTION RELATED SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL ABDOMINAL BLOATING (FAB) UNDER A HIGH FODMAP DIET: 170
• THE SMALL BOWEL MICROBIOME DEMONSTRATES STABILITY OVER TIME: DATA FROM THE REIMAGINE STUDY:  Tu1567
• ​Italian guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents : Joint Consensus from the Italian Societies of: Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition (SIGENP), Pediatrics (SIP), Gastroenterology and Endoscopy (SIGE) and Neurogastroenterology and Motility (SINGEM)  PMID: 38486305
• Psychological distress in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: the roles of body image and self-criticism. PMID: 38562654
  Summary: "Results suggest IBS negatively impacts body image appreciation, fostering self-critical judgments that exacerbate psychological symptoms. This study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between body appreciation and IBS, specifically highlighting this relationship." [I think anyone with SIBO/IMO/IBS could have told them this!]
• Characterization of the Small Bowel Microbiome Reveals Different Profiles in Human Subjects Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity  PMID: 38578969
• ​​Functional Abdominal Bloating and Gut Microbiota: An Update  PMID: 39203511
  Summary: This 12-study review found that “restoring a balanced microbiome appears to be the most promising solution” via “probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics such as rifaximin or dietary modifications”, as well as “neuromodulators, and brain-gut behavioral therapies (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy)”.
• ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT ORGANISMS ARE COMMON IN THE DUODENUM AND RELATED TO HIGH MICROBIAL COUNT, COLONIZING ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING FUNGI BUT NOT TO RECENT ANTIBIOTIC USE  ​Su1894
• ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF RIFAXIMIN AND A NOVEL 5-HT7 ANTAGONIST IN INTESTINAL NERVE HYPERSENSITIVITY  Su1627
• Third generation sequencing analysis detects significant differences in duodenal microbiome composition between functional dyspepsia patients and control subjects  PMID: 39491051
• Food Retention at Endoscopy Among Adults Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists PMID: 39352703

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WHAT IS SIBO SYMPTOMS CAUSES SIBO & IBS TESTING TREATMENT SIBO DIET COURSES

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